| Calcium, Ca |
Component of bones and teeth. Required for nerve and muscle function |
Severe growth stunting. Dental issues |
| Magnesium, Mg |
Required by enzymes/hormones and for the nervous system |
Grass staggers, milk fever |
| Sodium, Na |
Maintains fluid balance, required for nerve function, maintains pH in the rumen |
Reduced appetite, abnormal licking, reduced production |
| Copper, Cu |
Bone growth, pigmentation, enzymes |
Lameness, illthrift, faded coat, poor conception rates |
| Selenium, Se |
Important in the production of anti-oxidant and functioning of the immune system |
Illthrift, diarrhoea, abortion, retained placenta, white muscle disease in lambs |
| Cobalt, Co |
Required for vitamin B12 production, which is important for protein metabolism |
Illthrift, loss of appetite, reduced milk production |
| Iodine, I |
Essential for thyroid function which controls development and metabolism |
Enlarged thyroid, low milk production, low reproductive efficiency, lamb mortality |
| Zinc, Zn |
Essential for enzyme systems, immunity and hoof health |
Reduced appetite, low growth rates; wool, hoof and horn weakness |
