| Calcium, Ca | Component of bones and teeth. Required for nerve and muscle function | Severe growth stunting. Dental issues |
| Magnesium, Mg | Required by enzymes/hormones and for the nervous system | Grass staggers, milk fever |
| Sodium, Na | Maintains fluid balance, required for nerve function, maintains pH in the rumen | Reduced appetite, abnormal licking, reduced production |
| Copper, Cu | Bone growth, pigmentation, enzymes | Lameness, illthrift, faded coat, poor conception rates |
| Selenium, Se | Important in the production of anti-oxidant and functioning of the immune system | Illthrift, diarrhoea, abortion, retained placenta, white muscle disease in lambs |
| Cobalt, Co | Required for vitamin B12 production, which is important for protein metabolism | Illthrift, loss of appetite, reduced milk production |
| Iodine, I | Essential for thyroid function which controls development and metabolism | Enlarged thyroid, low milk production, low reproductive efficiency, lamb mortality |
| Zinc, Zn | Essential for enzyme systems, immunity and hoof health | Reduced appetite, low growth rates; wool, hoof and horn weakness |
